Smoking, Heavy Drinking Associated With Chronic Kidney Disease

Researchers at the University of Singapore and the University of Washington Medical School have found that smoking coupled with heavy drinking greatly increases the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD).As reported in the American Journal of Epidemiology, compared with that among never smokers joint exposure to both current smoking and heavy drinking was associated with almost fivefold odds of developing CKD compared with their absence (odds ratio=4.93, 95% confidence interval, 2.45 to 9.94).


Source: American Journal of Epidemiology

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